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1. ____________ refers to the degree to which formal decision authority is held by a small group of people in the organization:
   1.   ?    control
   2.   ?    centralization
   3.   ?    complexity
   4.   ?    formalization
   5.   ?    None of the above
2. Which of the following is not associated with the ‘reengineered’ model?
   1.   ?    speed and quality
   2.   ?    information
   3.   ?    flat structure
   4.   ?    vertical communications
   5.   ?    shared leadership
3. Strong organizational cultures are:
   1.   ?    very stressful
   2.   ?    undermine leaders
   3.   ?    encourage efficiency
   4.   ?    foster loyalty and commitment
   5.   ?    All of the above
4. Which of the following is not a means of transmitting organizational culture?
   1.   ?    artefacts
   2.   ?    stories
   3.   ?    rituals
   4.   ?    memos
   5.   ?    jargon
5. Instrumentalist approaches to technology:
   1.   ?    are focus on how technologies are used and rooted in human interaction
   2.   ?    is the dominant approach of government policy makers
   3.   ?    argues that technology is necessarily causing major problems in the world
   4.   ?    examines how instruments relate to political struggle
   5.   ?    a and c
6. The ‘free-rider’ problem:
   1.   ?    tends to limit the degree to which workers are interested in adopting new technologies
   2.   ?    is a possible solution to environmental degradation
   3.   ?    often is a concern when training provision is uneven across a sector
   4.   ?    a and b
   5.   ?    none of the above
7. Computer literacy:
   1.   ?    is lacking in most advanced countries
   2.   ?    may be under used by workplaces according to research
   3.   ?    is a focus of governmental recommendations in most advanced countries
   4.   ?    a and b
   5.   ?    b and c
8. Human resource management:
   1.   ?    is a function of productivity
   2.   ?    requires a committed workforce
   3.   ?    varies with organizational and environmental conditions
   4.   ?    is more important in the public sector than in the private sector
   5.   ?    all of the above
9. Human resource management’s overall objective is to:
   1.   ?    effectively match employees to work
   2.   ?    increase the organization’s profitability
   3.   ?    ensure ethical decision-making
   4.   ?    increase labour productivity at the lowest possible lowest cost
   5.   ?    contribute to HR and organizational effectiveness
10. ____________ thesis assumes that advanced industrailized societies become increasingly alike in their political, social, cultural and employment characteristics:
    1.   ?    divergence
    2.   ?    convergence
    3.   ?    de-industrialization
    4.   ?    economies of scale
    5.   ?    colonization
11. The overall task of human resource management professional is to:
    1.   ?    recruit and reward employees
    2.   ?    maintain the organization’s HR activities
    3.   ?    evaluate discrete HR activities
    4.   ?    be the steward of ethical behaviour
    5.   ?    integrate HR activities into a system that effectively utilizes HR resources