CHAPTER SIXTEEN: THE POLITICAL EXECUTIVE

a. If you had to recommend either a presidential or a parliamentary executive for a new democracy, which would you choose and why?

b. How do governments emerge and fall in parliamentary systems? How democratic are these processes?

c. Is the semi-presidential executive a creative synthesis or a messy compromise?

Hague & Harrop, 2010 edn, ch. 16.

M. Duverger, 'A New Political System Model: Semi-presidential Government' European Journal of Political Research 8 (1980) 165-87
R. Elgie, Political Leadership in Liberal Democracies
R. Elgie, Semi-Presidentialism in Europe
C. Jones, The Presidency in a Separated System
A. Lijphart, Parliamentary versus Presidential Government
J. Linz and A. Valenzuela, The Failure of Presidential Democracy
J. Linz, 'The Perils of Presidentialism', Journal of Democracy 1 (1990) 51-69
S. Mainwaring and M. Shugart, 'Juan Linz, Presidentialism and Democracy: A Critical Appraisal', Comparative Politics 29 (1997) 449-72
W. Müller and K. Strøm, Coalition Governments in Western Europe
T. Poguntke and P. Webb, The Presidentialization of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies
K. Strøm, W. Müller and T. Bergman, Cabinets and Coalition Bargaining: The Democratic Life Cycle in Western Europe
R. Taras, Postcommunist Presidents

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