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CHAPTER NINE: POLITICAL PARTICIPATION

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a. 'The 'law of increasing disproportion' seems to apply to nearly every political system; no matter how we measure political and social status, the higher the level of political authority, the greater the representation for high-status social groups.' Is Robert Putnam’s law valid and what are its implications for democracy?

b. To what extent are quotas necessary and desirable as a way of increasing women's representation in politics?

c. Do social movements provide a "people's challenge" to traditional politics?

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Hague & Harrop, 2007 edn, ch. 9.

P. Norris, Democratic Phoenix: Reinventing Political Activism

R. Dalton and M. Kuechler, Challenging the Political Order

S. Tarrow, Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics

A. Hadenius, ed., Democracy's Victory and Crisis, ch. 3

J. Jaquette, 'Women in Power', Foreign Policy 108 (1997) 23-36.

L. Karvonen and P. Selle, eds, Women in Nordic Countries

L. Milbrath and M. Goel, Political Participation: How and Why Do People Get

Involved in Politics?

G. Parry, G. Moyser and N. Day, Political Participation and Democracy in Britain

S. Verba, K. Scholzman and H. Brady, Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in

American Politics

R. Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community