Throughout history water has confronted humanity with some of its greatest challenges. Water is a source of life and a natural resource that sustains our environments and supports livelihoods - but it is also a source of risk and vulnerability. Prospects for human development are threatened by a deepening global water crisis. In a world of unprecedented wealth, almost 2 million children die each year for want of a glass of clean water and adequate sanitation. Beyond the household, competition for water as a productive resource is intensifying. Conflicts over water are intensifying within countries, with the rural poor losing out. Debunking the myth that the crisis is the result of scarcity, this report argues poverty, power and inequality are at the heart of the problem.
Introduction
Overview
CHAPTER 1: ENDING THE CRISIS IN WATER AND SANITATION
Water and Human Development
The Human Development Costs of the Water and Sanitation Crisis
Why Inequality Matters
The MDGs and Beyond: Getting on Track and Achieving the Goals
Making Progress A Reality
Conclusion and Recommendations
CHAPTER 2: WATER FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
Why the Poor Pay More - and Get Less Water
Managing the Network - The Providers Dilemma
Delivering the Outcomes - The Policies
Summary and Conclusions
References
CHAPTER 3: THE VAST DEFICIT IN SANITATION
Introduction
Overview of the Sanitation Problem
Why Sanitation Lags So Far Behind Water
Breaking the Cycle (Drawing on Lessons from Success Stories)
Judging Success
Ways Ahead: More Local Development, More Engagement with the Unserved
Going to Scale and Reaching the MDG Targets
CHAPTER 4: WATER SCARCITY, RISK AND VULNERABILITY
Introduction
Rethinking Scarcity in a Water-stressed World
Risk, Vulnerability and Uncertainty
Summary and Conclusions
Integrated Water Resources Management
CHAPTER 5: WATER COMPETITION IN AGRICULTURE
Introduction
Water and Human Development - The Livelihood Link
Competition, Rights, and the Scramble for Water
The Governance Challenge in Irrigation
Reducing Risk and Raising Pro-Poor Productivity
Summary and Conclusions
CHAPTER 6: MANAGING TRANSBOUNDARY WATERS
Introduction
Hydrological Interdependence
The Costs of Non-Cooperation
The Case for Cooperation
River Basin Cooperation for Human Development
Conclusion and Recommendations
References
The UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM is the UN's global development network, advocating for change and connecting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better life. They are on the ground in 166 countries, working with them on their own solutions to global and national development challenges. As they develop local capacity, they draw on the people of UNDP and their wide range of partners. Every year since 1990, the UNDP has commissioned the Human Development Report by an independent team of experts to explore major issues of global concern.
Description
Throughout history water has confronted humanity with some of its greatest challenges. Water is a source of life and a natural resource that sustains our environments and supports livelihoods - but it is also a source of risk and vulnerability. Prospects for human development are threatened by a deepening global water crisis. In a world of unprecedented wealth, almost 2 million children die each year for want of a glass of clean water and adequate sanitation. Beyond the household, competition for water as a productive resource is intensifying. Conflicts over water are intensifying within countries, with the rural poor losing out. Debunking the myth that the crisis is the result of scarcity, this report argues poverty, power and inequality are at the heart of the problem.
Contents
Introduction
Overview
CHAPTER 1: ENDING THE CRISIS IN WATER AND SANITATION
Water and Human Development
The Human Development Costs of the Water and Sanitation Crisis
Why Inequality Matters
The MDGs and Beyond: Getting on Track and Achieving the Goals
Making Progress A Reality
Conclusion and Recommendations
CHAPTER 2: WATER FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
Why the Poor Pay More - and Get Less Water
Managing the Network - The Providers Dilemma
Delivering the Outcomes - The Policies
Summary and Conclusions
References
CHAPTER 3: THE VAST DEFICIT IN SANITATION
Introduction
Overview of the Sanitation Problem
Why Sanitation Lags So Far Behind Water
Breaking the Cycle (Drawing on Lessons from Success Stories)
Judging Success
Ways Ahead: More Local Development, More Engagement with the Unserved
Going to Scale and Reaching the MDG Targets
CHAPTER 4: WATER SCARCITY, RISK AND VULNERABILITY
Introduction
Rethinking Scarcity in a Water-stressed World
Risk, Vulnerability and Uncertainty
Summary and Conclusions
Integrated Water Resources Management
CHAPTER 5: WATER COMPETITION IN AGRICULTURE
Introduction
Water and Human Development - The Livelihood Link
Competition, Rights, and the Scramble for Water
The Governance Challenge in Irrigation
Reducing Risk and Raising Pro-Poor Productivity
Summary and Conclusions
CHAPTER 6: MANAGING TRANSBOUNDARY WATERS
Introduction
Hydrological Interdependence
The Costs of Non-Cooperation
The Case for Cooperation
River Basin Cooperation for Human Development
Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Authors
The UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM is the UN's global development network, advocating for change and connecting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better life. They are on the ground in 166 countries, working with them on their own solutions to global and national development challenges. As they develop local capacity, they draw on the people of UNDP and their wide range of partners. Every year since 1990, the UNDP has commissioned the Human Development Report by an independent team of experts to explore major issues of global concern.
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