Multiple choice questions

1. Gender is not simply an individual matter, it is also:
   1.   ?    Unconstructed
   2.   ?    Biologically ordained
   3.   ?    An integral dynamic of social arrangements and social order
   4.   ?    None of the above
2. A sociological analysis of gender entails that we look at:
   1.   ?    Gender difference
   2.   ?    Gender divisions
   3.   ?    Gender performance
   4.   ?    All of the above
3. Viola Klein suggests that masculinity and femininity:
   1.   ?    Involve socially ordained roles
   2.   ?    Are immutable states of being
   3.   ?    Are products of modernity
   4.   ?    Are two extremes on a continuum
4. Some social commentators in the 1970’s and 1980’s proposed a separation of --- and ---:
   
   1.   ?    Sex, Gender
   2.   ?    Men, Women
   3.   ?    Lesbians, straights
   4.   ?    Masculinity, society
5. R. W. Connell uses the term ---- ---- to describe dominant forms of masculinity in a society:
   1.   ?    Structural Functionalism
   2.   ?    Sexual Dysfunction
   3.   ?    Hegemonic Masculinity
   4.   ?    Muscular masculinity
6. Goffman and Garfinkel suggest that ‘maleness’ and ‘femaleness’ are:
   1.   ?    Akin to the differences between Mars and Venus
   2.   ?    Social accomplishments
   3.   ?    Self evident differences
   4.   ?    Useful for explaining why girls can’t play computer games
7. Chris Brickell says gender is:
   1.   ?    Always with us
   2.   ?    Unnecessary
   3.   ?    Pleasurable
   4.   ?    Irrelevant in present day life
8. Sociological analysis of gender is concerned with
   1.   ?    Individuals
   2.   ?    Social institutions
   3.   ?    Patterns of social interaction
   4.   ?    All of these
9. The ‘double burden’ in women’s work refers to
   1.   ?    Unpaid housework and paid employment
   2.   ?    Being pregnant with twins
   3.   ?    Having two paid jobs
   4.   ?    Cleaning the house and rearing the children
10. Ways of ‘doing gender’
    1.   ?    Are permanently fixed by nature
    2.   ?    Change over time
    3.   ?    Are a sociologist’s invention
    4.   ?    Were invented by feminists
11. Viola Klein argued that gender roles
    1.   ?    Constrained those who adhered to them
    2.   ?    Were static and unlikely to change
    3.   ?    Were a direct product of biology
    4.   ?    Mirrored broader social change
12. The distinction between "sex" and "gender" has been challenged because:
    1.   ?    Our bodies are modified through social practices
    2.   ?    Our understanding of biology is affected by social presumptions
    3.   ?    Biological differences between the sexes are not straightforward
    4.   ?    All of these
13. Which of these is not a "structure" in Walby’s reworking of patriarchy?
    1.   ?    Household production
    2.   ?    Paid employment
    3.   ?    Physical appearance
    4.   ?    Violence
14. Which of these is a term used to describe how men establish and maintain dominance over women?
    1.   ?    Oligarchy
    2.   ?    Disciplinary power
    3.   ?    Patriarchy
    4.   ?    False consciousness
15. What theorists have elaborated on Goffman and Garfinkel’s ideas about the way we "do" gender?
    1.   ?    Hamner and Maynard
    2.   ?    West and Zimmerman
    3.   ?    Foucault and Kinsey
    4.   ?    Brickell and West-Newman
16. Contemporary ‘hegemonic masculinities’ are associated with:
    1.   ?    Rationality
    2.   ?    Status
    3.   ?    Drug deals
    4.   ?    a and c
17. Gender is produced through:
    1.   ?    The individual’s choices
    2.   ?    The family
    3.   ?    The family and media
    4.   ?    The family, media, technology, and class to name a few
18. Black and white women have:
    1.   ?    The same gendered experiences
    2.   ?    No gendered experiences
    3.   ?    Differently gendered experiences
    4.   ?    None of these
19. Hegemonic masculine ideals include:
    1.   ?    The strong man
    2.   ?    The sporting hero
    3.   ?    The corporate raider
    4.   ?    All of these
20. Hegemonic masculine ideals:
    1.   ?    Reflect the lives of most men
    2.   ?    Reflect the lives of gay men
    3.   ?    Do not reflect the lives of most men
    4.   ?    Do not exist