Structured observation is characterised by the fact that
1. it employs a formal and strictly organised procedure
2. it is equipped with a set of well-defined observation categories
3. it is subjected to high levels of control and standardisation
4. it does none of the above
An open observation is marked by the fact that
1. it allows subjects to behave as they wish
2. is conducted in open space (not in a laboratory)
3. the identity of the observer is known to the subjects
4. the observer is open to the subjects regarding his/her views on the study object.
Naïve observation
1. usually deals with simple phenomena
2. usually deals with simple phenomena
3. usually deals with simple phenomena
4. is simple, unstructured observation
Active observation
1. entails high involvement and commitment of the observer to the cause of the study
2. focuses on people in action
3. studies the action and interaction of people
4. employs active means of data collection
Which of the following is one of the skills of observers working within a quantitative research design?
1. exact knowledge of the topic
2. ability to handle crisis situations
3. ability to follow instructions
4. all of the above
Physical observations is the type of observation that studies
1. people in a physical setting
2. physical traces of people
3. physical traces of people and physical objects
4. physical objects
Observers can become a source of errors if they demonstrate
1. observer bias
2. lack of ability or lack of knowledge
3. expectations regarding the responses
4. all of the above
Which of the following is NOT an appropriate and effective way of avoiding observer errors?
1. employing a strict research design
2. imposing severe penalties for violating observation standards
3. imposing severe penalties for violating observation standards
4. introducing strict supervision of observers
The study of physical traces employs basically
1. direct methods
2. direct methods
3. physiological methods
4. documentary methods
The study of physical traces is
1. a direct method
2. an indirect method
3. a physiological method
4. a documentary method