The sampling procedure that includes all units of the population in the study is called
1. complete coverage
2. saturation survey
3. survey population
4. a and b above
Which of the following is NOT one of the principles of sampling listed in the text?
1. sampling units must be identifiable and clearly defined
2. sampling units must be representative and include males and females
3. sampling units are not interchangeable
4. sampling units must be independent from each other
Probability sampling is the procedure that gives all units
1. a chance to be included in the study
2. an equal chance to be selected
3. an equal, calculable and non-zero chance to be selected
4. a and b above
The types of probability sampling are
1. random sampling, lottery method and snowball sampling
2. random numbers, random sampling and computer methods
3. computer methods, snowball sampling and lottery method
4. simple random and systematic sampling
Three of the methods of unit selection in simple random sampling are
1. stratified sampling, quota sampling and accidental sampling
2. area sampling, multi-stage sampling and purposive sampling
3. cluster sampling, panel studies and accidental sampling
4. lottery method, computer method and random numbers method
In a stratified sampling, the strata
1. are equal in size to each other
2. are proportionate to the units in the target population
3. are disproportionate to the units in the target population
4. can be proportionate or disproportionate to the units in the target population
A cluster sampling is when
1. in the first instance groups of people are chosen for the study
2. a quota of people is chosen for the study
3. units are clustered together after the study to enhance data analysis
4. units are clustered together after the study to enhance data analysis
In a multi-stage sampling
1. the same number of people are studied more than once
2. different respondents are studied more than once
3. a sequence of samples are drawn from already selected samples but only the last sample is studied
4. a sequence of samples is drawn from already selected samples and each one of them is studied
In a multi-phase sampling
1. the same number of people are studied more than once
2. different respondents are studied more than once
3. a sequence of samples are drawn from already selected samples but only the last sample is studied
4. a sequence of samples are drawn from already selected samples but only the last sample is studied
Spatial sampling is a sampling procedure in which
1. the sample is taken from people temporarily congregated in space
2. respondents are chosen through special systematic procedures
3. space is given particular consideration due to its nature
4. sampling is conducted as in a and b above
Accidental sampling is the sampling procedure
1. in which respondents are chosen if they accidentally come in contact with the researcher
2. that is the same as incidental sampling
3. that is the same as incidental sampling and haphazard sampling
4. which entails all of the above
Most qualitative researchers
1. use sampling in their research
2. use non-probability sampling in their research
3. are critical of random sampling procedures
4. support all of the above
Theoretical sampling means that
1. sampling procedures follow theoretical principles
2. sampling is geared towards developing or testing a theory
3. each sampling procedure applies its own theory
4. each sampling procedure applies its own theory
Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria of qualitative sampling?
1. that all units have a fair chance to be selected in the study
2. that a few suitable units are included in the study
3. that a few typical cases are selected
4. that it is directed towards fewer global settings than quantitative sampling
With regard to qualitative research, which of the following is NOT correct?
1. qualitative researchers reject sampling as a tool of social research
2. qualitative researchers do not use sampling procedures
3. qualitative researchers do not plan sampling systematically
4. all of the above
A researcher entered a large restaurant and interviewed very briefly the oldest person sitting at every second table. This type of sampling is
1. systematic probability sampling
2. stratified sampling
3. spatial sampling
4. area sampling
A researcher interviewed the householder of two randomly selected houses in each of the streets of the Upper-Heights suburb of a new town. This sampling procedure is
1. probability sampling
2. stratified sampling
3. spatial sampling
4. area sampling
In a study of attitudes to university policies, a researcher questioned 150 first-year students, 130 second-year students and 100 third-year students. The sampling procedure used in this study was
1. probability sampling
2. stratified sampling
3. spatial sampling
4. area sampling
In a study of attitudes to university policies, a researcher chose initially 150 first-year students, 130 second-year students and 100 third-year students (N1=380). Then, the researcher chose 25 male and 25 female students from each year group who were finally interviewed (N2=150). The sampling procedure used in this study was
1. probability sampling
2. stratified sampling
3. multi-stage sampling
4. multi-phase sampling
A researcher chose a sample by using a sampling frame and taking the person that corresponded to the kth number in the list. This procedure is called
1. simple random sampling
2. systematic sampling
3. stratified sampling
4. quota sampling
The sampling procedure in which an interviewer is asked to interview 25 teachers, 50 public servants and 25 farmers is called
1. stratified sampling
2. accidental sampling
3. spatial sampling
4. quota sampling
The author chose the respondents of his cohabitation study by interviewing a few available cohabiting couples and by obtaining names of new couples from the previous respondents. This procedure is called
1. theoretical sampling
2. convenience sampling
3. snowball sampling
4. systematic sampling
A researcher compiled a sample by interviewing the first two available respondents and by choosing further respondents according to the information collected from each additional respondent. This sampling procedure is called
1. theoretical sampling
2. convenience sampling
3. snowball sampling
4. systematic sampling