Engineering Society

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xii

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2. Introduction: The Scientization of the Social in Comparative Perspective

   1. Introduction: The Scientization of the Social in Comparative Perspective

      • Benjamin Ziemann, Richard Wetzell, Dirk Schumann, Kerstin Brückweh

      Pages 1-40

   2. Embedding the Human and Social Sciences in Western Societies, 1880–1980: Reflections on Trends and Methods of Current Research

      • Lutz Raphael

      Pages 41-56

3. Social and Penal Policy

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 57-57

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   2. Contesting Risk: Specialist Knowledge and Workplace Accidents in Britain, Germany, and Italy, 1870–1920

      • Julia Moses

      Pages 59-78

   3. Politics Through the Back Door: Expert Knowledge in International Welfare Organizations

      • Martin Lengwiler

      Pages 79-96

   4. Rationalizing the Individual – Engineering Society: The Case of Sweden

      • Thomas Etzemüller

      Pages 97-118

   5. The Neurosciences and Criminology: How New Experts Have Moved into Public Policy and Debate

      • Peter Becker

      Pages 119-138

4. Diagnosis and Therapy

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 139-139

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   2. The Psychological Sciences and the ‘Scientization’ and ‘Engineering’ of Society in Twentieth-Century Britain

      • Mathew Thomson

      Pages 141-158

   3. Mental Health as Civic Virtue: Psychological Definitions of Citizenship in the Netherlands, 1900–1985

      • Harry Oosterhuis

      Pages 159-178

   4. Human Sciences, Child Reform, and Politics in Spain, 1890–1936

      • Till Kössler

      Pages 179-197

   5. Narcissism: Social Critique in Me-Decade America

      • Elizabeth Lunbeck

      Pages 198-212

5. Polling, Marketing, and Organizations

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 213-213

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   2. Hearing the Masses: The Modern Science of Opinion in the United States

      • Sarah E. Igo

      Pages 215-233

   3. Observing the Sovereign: Opinion Polls and the Restructuring of the Body Politic in West Germany, 1945–1990

      • Anja Kruke, Benjamin Ziemann

      Pages 234-251

   4. Consumers, Markets, and Research: The Role of Political Rhetoric and the Social Sciences in the Engineering of British and American Consumer Society, 1920–1960

      • Stefan Schwarzkopf

      Pages 252-272

   5. Business Organizations, Foundations, and the State as Promoters of Applied Social Sciences in the United States and Switzerland, 1890–1960

      • Emil Walter-Busch

      Pages 273-292

   6. Catholic Church Reform and Organizations Research in the Netherlands and Germany, 1945–1980

      • Benjamin Ziemann, Chris Dols

      Pages 293-312

6. Back Matter

   Pages 313-318

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Explaining crime by reference to abnormalities of the brain is just one example of how the human and social sciences have influenced the approach to social problems in Western societies since 1880. Focusing on applications such as penal policy, therapy, and marketing, this volume examines how these sciences have become embedded in society.

• criminology
• Germany
• methods
• Nation
• organization
• politics
• reform
• social problems

• German Historical Institute London, UK

  Kerstin Brückweh

• Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, UK

  Dirk Schumann

• German Historical Institute Washington DC, US

  Richard F. Wetzell

• University of Sheffield, UK

  Benjamin Ziemann

PETER BECKER Professor of History at the University of Vienna, Austria CHRIS DOLS Cultural Historian, who works and junior-researcher at the Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands THOMAS ETZEMÜLLER Adjunct Professor in Modern History at the University of Oldenburg, Germany SARAH E. IGO Associate Professor of History, Political Science, and Sociology at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, US TILL KÖSSLER Professor for the History of Education, Childhood and Youth at the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany ANJA KRUKE Head of Department of the Archiv der sozialen Demokratie at the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung in Bonn, Germany MARTIN LENGWILER Professor of Modern History at the University of Basel, Switzerland ELIZABETH LUNBECK Nelson Tyrone, Jr. Professor of History, and Professor of Psychiatry, at Vanderbilt University, Tennessee, US JULIA MOSES Lecturer in Modern History at the University of Sheffield, UK HARRY OOSTERHUIS Lecturer at the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences of Maastricht University and he is affiliated with the Huizinga Research School for Cultural History, Amsterdam LUTZ RAPHAEL Professor for Contemporary History at the University of Trier, Germany STEFAN SCHWARZKOPF Associate Professor in Business History at Copenhagen Business School, Denmark MATHEW THOMSON Reader in the Department of History at the University of Warwick, UK EMIL WALTER-BUSCH Senior Lecturer Emeritus of Applied Social Research and Social Psychology at the Universities of St.Gall and Zurich, Switzerland.

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