Cross-Border Higher Education and Quality Assurance

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xvii

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2. Cross-Border Higher Education: A New Business?

   • Alberto Amaral

   Pages 1-24

3. Analysing the Problem

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 25-25

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   2. Crossing the Border: Some Views, Largely Historical and Occasionally Heretical, on the Sudden Enthusiasm for an Exceedingly Ancient Practice

      • Guy Neave

      Pages 27-49

   3. The Business of Cross-Border Higher Education

      • Jamil Salmi, Orlanda Tavares

      Pages 51-69

4. The View of Stakeholders

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 71-71

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   2. The Shift to Strategic Internationalisation Approaches

      • Andrée Sursock

      Pages 73-91

   3. Student Views on Cross-Border Higher Education: The Views of the European Students’ Union

      • Tiago Estêvão Martins

      Pages 93-102

5. The Services Directive

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 103-103

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   2. Cross-Border Higher Education and the Services Directive: Importance, Protection and Success

      • Luigi Berlinguer

      Pages 105-115

   3. The New Old Debate. Free Movement of Services and the Freedom of Establishment Within the Internal European Market: Does the Directive 2006/123 EC Move Past Education? Concerning the Border of National Sovereignty Within the EU

      • Jan De Groof

      Pages 117-137

   4. Delivering Education Across Borders in the European Union National Responses to the Services Directive

      • Lukas Bischof

      Pages 139-150

6. National Cases of Cross-Border Higher Education

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 151-151

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   2. National Cases of Cross-Border Higher Education: Austria

      • Elsa Hackl

      Pages 153-165

   3. National Cases of Cross-Border Higher Education: The Experience of the UK

      • Stephen Jackson

      Pages 167-180

7. Quality Problems in Alternative Cases

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 181-181

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   2. The OECD/UNESCO Guidelines for Quality Provision in Cross-Border Higher Education: Its Relevance for Quality Assurance in the Past and the Future

      • Achim Hopbach

      Pages 183-201

   3. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)

      • José Manuel Martins Ferreira

      Pages 203-219

8. Quality Agencies and Cross-Border Higher Education

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 221-221

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   2. Quality Assurance of Cross-border Higher Education – a Case for Collaboration Between National Quality Agencies

      • Padraig Walsh

      Pages 223-243

This book analyses the range of potential measures national quality assurance agencies may have to employ to deal with the new issues caused by Cross Border Higher Education (CBHE). The expansion of CBHE raises quality problems, which are currently assessed differently depending on the countries concerned. This has been exacerbated by the growth of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) which have developed very quickly and can be prone to rogue providers. This book considers the steps that have already been taken to ensure quality as well as those ahead. It is important that the swift growth of CBHE is not just seen as a means to increase the revenues of higher education institutions faced with decreasing public funding but also as a means to keep educational standards high.  

• GATS agreements
• EU Services Directive
• MOOCs
• Tertiary education
• Europe
• education
• higher education
• quality
• quality assurance
• service

• University of Aveiro , Aveiro, Portugal

  Maria João Rosa

• University of Lisbon , Lisbon, Portugal

  Cláudia S. Sarrico

• A3ES , Lisbon, Portugal

  Orlanda Tavares

• A3ES, Lisbon, Portugal

  Alberto Amaral

Maria João Rosa is Assistant Professor at the Department of Economics, Management and Industrial Engineering, University of Aveiro, Portugal. She is also a researcher at Centre for Research in Higher Education Policies (CIPES). Her main research topics are quality management and quality assessment in higher education institutions. She is member of CHER and of EAIR’s executive committee.


Cláudia S. Sarrico is Associate Professor at ISEG Lisbon School of Economics and Management, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. She is also a researcher at Centre for Research in Higher Education Policies (CIPES).  Her main research interests are performance measurement and management in higher education.  She is a member of CHER Consortium of Higher Education Researchers and of EAIR The European Higher Education Society’s executive committee.



Orlanda Tavares is a researcher both at the Agency for Assessment and Accreditation of HigherEducation (A3ES), Portugal, and at The Centre for Research in Higher Education Policies (CIPES), Portugal. She completed her PhD in Educational Research at University of Porto, Portugal. Her main interest areas are policies in higher education and quality assurance/enhancement, students’ perceptions on higher education.


Alberto Amaral is Professor at the University of Porto, Portugal and a researcher at Centre for Research in Higher Education Policies (CIPES), Portugal. He was the rector of Porto University from 1985 to 1998 and former chair of CHER. He is life-member of IAUP and member of the Board of IMHE/OECD. At present he is the chair of the administration council of the Portuguese Assessment and Accreditation Agency for Higher Education.

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