What Makes Effective Whistleblowing

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-x

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2. Effective Whistleblowing Conceptual Framework

   • Carmen R. Apaza, Yongjin Chang

   Pages 1-10

3. Whistleblowing in Belgium

   • Frankie Schram

   Pages 11-29

4. Whistleblowing in Brazil

   • Carmen R. Apaza

   Pages 31-48

5. Whistleblowing in Finland

   • Olli-Pekka Viinamäki, Niina Mäntylä, Annukka Jokipii

   Pages 49-69

6. Whistleblowing in Japan: The Case of Masaharu Hamada

   • Yongjin Chang

   Pages 71-86

7. Whistleblowing in the Philippines

   • Gerald Glenn F. Panganiban

   Pages 87-99

8. Summary and Conclusions

   • Carmen R. Apaza, Yongjin Chang, Frankie Schram, Gerald Glenn F. Panganiban, Olli-Pekka Viinamäki, Niina Mäntylä et al.

   Pages 101-112

9. Back Matter

   Pages 113-115

   PDF

This book analyzes whistleblowing worldwide publicly known cases from Belguim, Brazil, Finland, Japan and The Philippines to ascertain factors that make for effective whistleblowing. The work concludes that external whistleblowing, extensive mass media coverage, and strong evidence are essential components of effective whistleblowing. 

• whistleblowing
• framework
• effective whistleblowing
• whistleblowing legislation
• public sector
• ombudsman
• legal protection
• media
• pressure
• freedom of expression
• Odebrecht
• corruption
• Lava Jato
• Hermes Freitas Magnus
• Sonera
• Relander
• Hamada
• Japanese corporate culture
• whistleblowing in the Philippines
• Luis Chavit Singson

“Whistleblowers, and their protection, are integral parts of many corruption-control strategies. But whistleblowing is complicated business, fraught with a variety of risks, and its outcomes depend on many situational factors. In this book Apaza and Chang develop an excellent analysis, accompanied by wide-ranging case studies, that will be essential reading for anyone concerned with building lasting opposition to corruption.”   

—Michael Johnston, Charles A. Dana Professor of Political Science, Emeritus Colgate University Hamilton, New York, USA

“Whistleblowing is a major means of providing invaluable institutional transparency. However, it is known to be fraught with deterrents and constraints limiting its effectiveness. With case studies of Belgium, Brazil, Finland, Japan, and the Philippines, Drs. Apaza and Chang's outstanding volume on What Makes Effective Whistleblowing: Global Comparative Studies from the Public and Private Sector greatly advances our knowledge of how to construct and implement highly efficacious whistleblowing policies, laws, and procedures. This book unquestionably merits a broad readership among scholars, practitioners, and students in the fields of public policy, administration, law, government, media studies, and transparency among others.”

—David H. Rosenbloom, Distinguished Professor of Public Administation, American University, USA

• Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru

  Carmen R. Apaza

• Faculty of Global Management, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan

  Yongjin Chang

Carmen R. Apaza is Professor at Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru. Her research interests include corruption in government, public sector reforms and development. She has held managerial positions in the Peruvian public sector and served as Principal Expert in Public Administration for the Organization of American States. She has taught at American University, City University of New York and Eastern Washington University.


Yongjin Chang is Associate Professor in the Faculty of Global Management at Chuo University, Japan, and previously worked at Korea University and the International University of Japan. He researched public administration at the School of Public Affairs at American University and his research interests include public human resource management, administrative ethics, corruption, whistleblower protection, quality of bureaucracy and comparative public administration.

Policies and ethics