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Spiritual Empires in Europe and India

Cosmopolitan Religious Movements from 1875 to the Interwar Era

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  • © 2021

Overview

  • Shows how cosmopolitan religious innovation formed common spiritual affinities in Europe and India

  • Reveals how heterodox religious movements intersected with the scientific, social and political domains

  • Shows the relationship between spiritual tenets and the domestic domain

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Table of contents (10 chapters)

  1. Spiritual Science: Evolution for the Soul and Spiritual Historiography

  2. Spiritual Imperialism: Cosmopolitan Religious Partisans in Their Societies and Nations

Keywords

About this book

This book provides a comparative analysis of cosmopolitan (esoteric) religious movements, such as Theosophy, Groupe Independent des Études Ésotériques, Anthroposophy, and Monism, in England, France, Germany, and India during the late nineteenth-century to the interwar years. Despite their diversity, these factions manifested a set of common features—anti-materialism, embrace of Darwinian evolution, and a belief in universal spirituality—that coalesced in a transnational field of analogous cosmopolitan spiritual affinities. Yet, in each of their geopolitical locations these groups developed vastly different interpretations and applications of their common spiritual tenets. This book explores how such religious innovation intersected with the social (labor and economic renewal), cultural (education and religious innovation) and political (Empire and anti-colonial) dynamics in these vastly different national domains. Ultimately, it illustrates how an innovative religious discourse converged with the secular world and became applied to envision a new social order—to spiritually re-engineer the world.



Reviews

With this highly innovative study, Perry Myers illuminates for us a subject matter that has, to a large extent, remained hitherto unexplored. Indeed, Spiritual Empires is destined to fill an important gap in our understanding of late 19th and early-20th century heterodox spirituality. The book guides us with great insight through the entanglements of religion(s) and politics, mainly between Western Europe and India, as exemplified by the Theosophical Society and Annie Besant’s efforts to promote a cosmopolitan vision of universal brotherhood across cultural and geopolitical borders. Apart from being an intrinsically fascinating topic, the emergence of such a syncretic, non-confessional religious field, fused with domestic socio-political agendas, is shown to have aimed at no less than restoring world harmony and redeeming civilization. In this erudite and intricately argued opus, Perry Myers provides us with a ground-breaking analysis of the political effects, in an era prone - like ours - to social and spiritual utopias, of invoking the divine in the public sphere, that is of assuming a purported mystical guidance to be an essential factor of community-making amongst mankind.

Jean-Pierre Brach, Director of Religious Studies, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris

 Spiritual Empires examines global forms of esotericism in the 19th and early 20th centuries in terms of the relationship between their common cosmopolitan spiritual precepts and local practice. The book perspicaciously unravels the complex and often contradictory links between religion and political schemes, which equally demonstrates the importance of a comparative perspective in understanding the combination of cosmopolitan visions and nationalized agendas in these forms of esoteric spirituality. Moreover, Perry Myers work insightfully unmasks how their articulated claim to “scientific spirituality” makes the supposedly firm boundaries between religion and the secular appear extremely fragile.

Michael Bergunder, Professor Religious Studies and Intercultural Theology, Heidelberg University, Germany

Perry Myers, in this splendid new study, follows the varied reception of Theosophy and kindred esoteric spiritual movements appealing to intellectuals, in four countries, India, Britain, France and Germany. He gives us a new, larger, more complex picture of such movements as international phenomena reshaped by the national crises of the twentieth century.

Thomas R. Trautmann, Professor Emeritus, University of Michigan, USA
 Perry Myers’s highly ambitious and thoroughly absorbing Spiritual Empires in Europe and India explores how fin-de-siècle disillusion with the shortcomings of material progress spawned an array of cosmopolitan spiritual movements across the globe. The study demonstrates the international commonalities of movements such as theosophy, anthroposophy and monism, yet Myers also, with admirable subtlety and finesse, shows how their acclimatisation varied within individual national polities (Britain, France, Germany, India), producing sometimes very divergent results.

Colin Jones, Professor Emeritus, Queen Mary University of London, UK




Authors and Affiliations

  • Department of Modern Languages and Cultures, Albion College, Albion, USA

    Perry Myers

About the author

Perry Myers is Professor of German Studies at Albion College in Michigan, USA. 

Bibliographic Information

  • Book Title: Spiritual Empires in Europe and India

  • Book Subtitle: Cosmopolitan Religious Movements from 1875 to the Interwar Era

  • Authors: Perry Myers

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81003-0

  • Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan Cham

  • eBook Packages: History, History (R0)

  • Copyright Information: The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021

  • Hardcover ISBN: 978-3-030-81002-3Published: 31 October 2021

  • Softcover ISBN: 978-3-030-81005-4Published: 31 October 2022

  • eBook ISBN: 978-3-030-81003-0Published: 30 October 2021

  • Edition Number: 1

  • Number of Pages: XIX, 333

  • Number of Illustrations: 9 b/w illustrations

  • Topics: World History, Global and Transnational History, History of Religion, Intellectual Studies, History of Modern Europe, History of South Asia

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